Rosa Guy

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=90 BGCOLOR="#000000" TEXT="#F7F7FF" bgproperties="fixed" background="21d005a0dvldtc.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#FFCC00" FACE="Arial" ><B>PT3 Readers are Leaders</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0099FF" FACE="Arial" > </FONT> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FF3300" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>|</B><B>     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="PT3 Readers are Leaders"><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="home.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Reading Room"><U>Reading Room</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id2.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Web Sites about Books"><U>Web Sites about Books</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id33.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Web Reading"><U>Web Reading</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id3.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Authors"><U>Authors</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id35.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Writings on the Web"><U>Writings on the Web</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id34.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" Writings on the Web"><U> Writings on the Web</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id36.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Recommended Reading for students"><U>Recommended Reading for students</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id6.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Us"><U>Contact Us</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id101.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Multicultural authors"><U>Multicultural authors</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id104.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Multicultural Booklist"><U>Multicultural Booklist</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id105.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" Naomi Nye "><U> Naomi Nye </U></A>   |   <A HREF="id106.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Esmeralda Santiago"><U>Esmeralda Santiago</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id107.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Maya Angelou"><U>Maya Angelou</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id108.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Michael Dorris"><U>Michael Dorris</U></A>   |   <B>Rosa Guy</B>   |   <A HREF="id110.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="_"><U>--Type Title Here--</U></A></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=190 BGCOLOR="#FFCC00" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=390 BGCOLOR="#FFCC00" TEXT="#080000"> <div> Rosa Guy</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><IMG SRC="226ef740.jpg" border=0 width="239" height="116" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT>R<FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#008000" FACE="Arial" >osa </FONT>G<FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#008000" FACE="Arial" >uy</FONT></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> Great African-American Fiction Writer</div> <bR> <div> <B>Contents</B></div> <div> <A HREF="#_Work_Information" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_Work_Information"><U><U>Background Information</U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#_Favorite_Links" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_Favorite_Links"><U><U>Books Titles</U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#_Current_Projects" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_Current_Projects"><U><U>Book Reviews</U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#_Lesson_Plans" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_Lesson_Plans"><U><U>Lesson Plans</U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#_Map_of_Harlem," TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_Map_of_Harlem,"><U><U>Map of Harlem</U></U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Background Information</B></div> <div> Rosa Guy, a gifted writer, was born in Trinidad on September 1, 1925.  Her family moved to Harlem, New York.  Her parents died when she was very young; therefore Rosa and her sister lived in many foster homes. She was forced to quit school at the age of 14 to get a job to support herself and her sister. During World War II she was apart of the American Negro Theatre.  She attended New York University where she studied theater and writing. She is the founding member of the Harlem Writers Guild and the author of many books for adults and children.  A number of her works deal with the dependability of family members to care and love one another.  </div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="#_top" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_top"><U><U>Back to top</U></U></A></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Book Titles</B></div> <div> <I>Bird at My Window </I>(1966)<I> </I></div> <div> <I>The Friends </I>(1973)<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I>Ruby </I>(1976)<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I>The Disappearance </I>(<I>1979)</I><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I>A Measure of Time </I>(1983)<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I>New Guys Around the Block </I>(1983)<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="#_top" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_top"><U><U>Back to top</U></U></A></div> <div> Map of Harlem, New York</div> <div> The map can be found at <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.playing2win.org/gallery/uptowntravel/map.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.playing2win.org/gallery/uptow"><U><U>http://www.playing2win.org/gallery/uptowntravel/map.html</U></U></A></FONT></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B><IMG SRC="228b4160.jpg" border=0 width="692" height="790" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <A HREF="#_top" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_top"><U><U>Back to top</U></U></A></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Book Reviews</B></div> <div> All book reviews were taken from <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.amazon.com/"><U><U>http://www.amazon.com/</U></U></A></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Bird at My Window </B></I><B>(1966)</B></div> <div> <I><B>Dr. Maya Angelou</B></I></div> <div> "[A] brave examination of a loving, yet painful, relationship between a Black mother and her son . . . . Even more important today."<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Book Description</B></I></div> <div> "What happens to a dream deferred?" asked Langston Hughes. <I>Bird at My Window</I> answers that question with a psychological study of a black man subverted by his environment. Wade Williams wakes up in a mental hospital and is told he has assaulted his sister. As he retraces his steps, during the course of the novel, the rich complexity of mid-twentieth century Harlem and its problematic relationship to its residents is revealed in this powerful cultural critique.<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I><B>The Friends </B></I><B>(1973)</B></div> <div> Phyllisia eventually recognizes that her own selfish pride rather than her mother's death and her father's tyrannical behavior created the gulf between her and her best friend.</div> <div> <I><B>Ruby </B></I><B>(1976)</B></div> <div> "An intensely committed novel talking directly to teenagers . . . scared of what their loneliness may involve them in."--Publishers Weekly. When Ruby moves from the West Indies to the mean streets of Harlem, she finds a love that leads her through the painful transition from girl to woman. Reissue.<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>From the Publisher</B></I></div> <div> Ruby Cathy -- Eighteen and desperately lonely, she has adjusted from a life in the sun and blue seas of the West Indies to the mean, crowded streets of Harlem. Her mother is dead, and her father is obsessed with the American passion to succeed. Ruby makes the painful transition from girl to woman when she meets the beautiful and bitter Daphne. </div> <div> Daphne Duprey -- She prides herself on always being "cool, calm, collected, poised, sophisticated, cultured, and refined." Ruby is drawn to this girl,who, in Ruby's eyes, is everything she is not. They fill the aching emptiness in each other, love each other, despite the shared knowledge that their happines will end as abruptly as it began.<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I><B>The Disappearance </B></I><B>(</B><I><B>1979)</B></I></div> <div> After he is acquitted of murdering a grocery store owner, Imamu Jones is released into the custody of the Aimsley family. Imamu believes that things are finally looking up--until the Aimsleys' daughter disappears and he becomes the prime suspect.<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>From the Publisher</B></I></div> <div> Imamu Jones has two defenses against the world--his intelligence and the toothpick between his lips--and he needs them. After being acquitted of murdering the owner of a grocery store, he is released into the custody of the Aimsley family. Their immaculate Brooklyn brownstone is a long way from the dirty Harlem apartment he had been sharing with his wino mother. Things seem to be looking up unitl the Aimsleys' youngest daughter disappears. And Imamu is the prime suspect . . .<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <I><B>A Measure of Time </B></I><B>(1983)</B></div> <div> <B>A modern classic</B>, March 21, 2001 </div> <div> Reviewer: <B>Miss J. </B>from Portland, OR</div> <div> I don't think that there are words to express my feelings about this book, but I will say that I have read it over and over again over the past 10 years and never get bored (I read it first when I was 16 and in highschool). This has to be the best piece of contemporary African-American fiction ever. The characters leap off of the page and you form a very intimate relationship with them (especially Dorine) the descriptions take you THERE, you definetly travel a "Measure of Time" to 1920s Harlem! I want my own copy and I am so sad that it is out print, however it is worth it to me to save enough to buy a fine copy to have forever. Much Love to Rosa Guy. </div> <div> <I><B>New Guys Around the Block </B></I><B>(1983)</B></div> <div> Imamu Jones's new neighbors fill him with dreams that go beyond Harlem as they band together to solve the case of the ""phantom"" burglar who has been stalking Harlem's hot summer nights. Reissue. <I>K. SLJ. AB. NYT. </I><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><I>--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.</I> </FONT></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Book Review by Marcus Montgomery</B></div> <div> Norris, J. (1988).  <U>Presenting Rosa Guy</U>.  Massachusetts:  G.K Hall & Company</div> <div> Rosa Guy:  Girl, Woman, Writer</div> <bR> <div> Rosa Guy has written several books, one of her most famous titles is the classic novel, The Friends.  She is helmed as one of the foremost black American authors of young adult literature.  Many of her books mirror her own upbringing in the inner city streets of Harlem, New York, while still vividly depicting the concerns of adolescents everywhere.  Guy is riveting in her conveyance of the pressure of peer pressure, the desire of developing sexuality and the innate need for independence.  Although much of work is picturesque of the deterioration of the text's society, her writing constitutes the building of monuments of inspiration and fortitude for life.</div> <bR> <div> She is “twice blessed” with the gift of storytelling. Her roots are in Trinidad and she is the fruit of Harlem, “her novels both entertain and convey the history and culture of a people.”  Guy grew up in a close knit community, whose population was dominated by people of color.  This intricately intertwined community composed of  the extended family, strong tradition and religious values laid the foundation for this bright sister to develop. The oral tradition is tremendously powerful in Trinidad, and verbal ability is storytelling very honorable.  Guy has been quoted to say that, “Trinidadians make up language as they go along. “The strong sense of  the power in language in all of her work, such as the rich dialogue that is shared in <U>The Friends</U>.  It is suspected that Guy arrived in the United States at age seven or eight.  Her true age is uncertain, due to a discrepancy to her date of birth (September 1925 or September 1928).  </div> <bR> <div> Guy grew up as an orphan and this experience comes out through the characters in many of her books.  This is called the outsider.  She speaks through the pain, struggle and viewpoint of the outsider.  She did not give specifics to the depth of her experiences, but did say, “I've been in a home; I've seen things.”  </div> <bR> <div> Guy is a keeper of the torch of liberation of all people of all colors her vibrant style and passion for writing is from the heart and is heart felt.  She was in some ways born to do it.  She grew up in the breeding ground for actors, actresses, writers and filmmakers and she also possessed those attributes.  She has been a long time friend with Maya Angelou, and she too knows why the caged bird sings.  She was also a good friends with Malcolm X, so it comes as no surprise that she went through many obstacles, but was determined to liberate herself and others by other means necessary.  Rosa Guy is definitely a woman that I respect and like Jerrie Norris, (the author of the book) I too would love to meet her and share ideas and just the same space.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <A HREF="#_top" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_top"><U><U>Back to top</U></U></A></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="613" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 1322 WIDTH="556"><div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> Lesson Plans</div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> The following lesson plans were found at <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.mcdougallittell.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.mcdougallittell.com/"><U><U>http://www.mcdougallittell.com/</U></U></A></FONT></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <I><B>The Friends</B></I></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>Theme:</B> Enduring Friendships</div> <div> <B>Grades:</B> Grades 8-9</div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>THEME OPENERS</B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>Word Web. </B></div> <div> Have students write the word friendship and create a word web with descriptive phrases they associate with this concept. </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>Quickwrite: Names Can Hurt You. </B></div> <div> Have students write in their journals about a personal experience in which someone called them an offensive name. Examples might include a religious, ethnic, or racial insult. Invite volunteers to share their responses with the class. Encourage students to compare their experiences with the name-calling incidents that are described in <I>The Friends.</I> </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>CROSSCURRICULAR ACTIVITIES</B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>Condolences.</B></div> <div> Have students create sympathy cards offering words of consolation to ease Phyllisia's sorrow over the loss of her mother. Encourage students to illustrate their cards and to write poems that express a heartfelt message. You may wish to display the sympathy cards on the bulletin board. </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>Research Poll.</B></div> <div> Have students create a questionnaire and conduct a poll on the subject of best friends. To help them get started, have the class brainstorm a list of questions to ask respondents. Some examples: Do you have a best friend? Is your best friend male or female? Is your best friend the same age as you? How long have you been friends? What do you like most about your friend? Encourage students to distribute their questionnaires to at least five people they know and then have student volunteers tally the results. Finally, have students discuss their findings with the whole class. </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS</B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>Research It! </B></div> <div> Have your students write a research report on a topic inspired by the novel. Possible topics include the Harlem riots of the 1960s, police brutality, inner-city problems, sibling rivalry, stages of the grieving process, abandoned children, high school dropouts, West Indian immigrants, and so on. </div> <div> <B>TV Talk Show.</B></div> <div> In this project, students stage a TV talk show. The teacher and a student volunteer will role-play the hosts of the talk show. The other students in the class will role-play the members of the studio audience and the guests-main characters from <I>The Friends.</I> The TV talk show will explore family relationships and friends. </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> <B>Suggested Procedure:</B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> Tell students that you are going to play the role of a co-host on a TV talk show. Have students research the different jobs that will be necessary to stage a TV talk show-such as camera operator, director, writer, actor, expert guest. Invite student volunteers to play the roles of an additional co-host and the following guests-Phyllisia, Ruby, Ramona, Calvin, and Edith. The rest of the class will role-play the studio audience. </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > </TABLE></div> <div> To prepare for the talk show, instruct a group of students to develop a list of questions that will prompt discussion and draw out the guests. Students can research psychology and sociology resources so that their questions focus on the major themes suggested in <I>The Friends,</I> including the nature of friendship, the difficulties of fitting in, the responsibilities of family members to one another, and the way young people depend on their friends in order to cope with tragedies in their lives. </div> <div> Start the TV talk show by introducing the guests and explaining the focus of the program. Then you and your student co-host can begin interviewing and questioning the "guests" from <I>The Friends.</I>Include the studio audience in the discussion. At the conclusion of the talk show, ask students to summarize the key points discussed. </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="552" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="548"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="548" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG SRC="22901010.gif" border=0 width="1" height="1" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#999999" FACE="Arial" >     </FONT><IMG SRC="22901010.gif" border=0 width="1" height="1" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 296 WIDTH="556"><div> <A HREF="#_top" TARGET="_top" TITLE="#_top"><U><U>Back to top</U></U></A></div> <bR> <div> Contact Information</div> <bR> <div> Rosa Guy may be contacted through her publishing company Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.</div> <bR> <div> Cultural Information Useful for Teaching Rosa Guy Books</div> <bR> <div> In Trinidad, natural beauty and rich tradition were integral parts of daily life.   Warm temperatures fast vegetation and beautiful features were a playground for young Rosa.  </div> <div> Guy grew up in a close-knit community, whose population was dominated by people of color.  This intricately intertwined community composed of the extended family; strong tradition and religious values laid the foundation for this bright sister to develop. The oral tradition is tremendously powerful in Trinidad, and verbal ability is storytelling very honorable.</div> <bR> <div> Last revised: June 24, 2002</div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="50"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="296" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="50" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div>      </div> </td> </tr></table></body>