Chem 1400                                          Chapter 1 Notes

Define:

            Chemistry

            Matter

            Mass

            Energy

Major Areas of Chemistry

            Analytical

            Organic

            Inorganic

            Physical

            Biochemistry

Facets of the Scientific Method

            Observation

            Posing a question

            Hypothesis

            Experimentation

            Data Analysis

            Refining Hypothesis

            More data gathering

            Theory development

Models: Used to better define abstract concepts.

States of Matter

            Solid, Liquid, Gas

Kinetic Molecular Theory.

            Elaborated: pg 154-155 text.

Physical and Chemical properties and changes

            Questions 1.1 & 1.2 text

Intensive and Extensive Properties

            Intensive property is independent of quantity

            Extensive property dependent upon quantity

Classification of Matter

            Pure substances                                                            Mixtures

Elements                       Compounds                             Homogeneous              Heterogeneous

Be able to give examples

Questions 1.3 & 1.4

Distinguish between Data and Results

            See Example 1.4

Powers of 10. 

            Multiplication

Powers of 10 (less than 1)

Powers of 10 – scientific notation

Powers of 10 division

Powers of 10 addition and substraction.

English and Metric System of Measurement

            Length            Mass               Volume

English                                    Metric                                     Metric Prefizes

Length                                    Length                                    mega   (M)                  10⁶

            Inch                                         Meter                         kilo      (k)                   10³

            Foot                                                                             deka    (da)                  10¹

            Yard                                                                            deci     (d)                    10^-1

            Mile                                                                            centi    (c)                    10^-2

            Others                                                                         milli     (m)                   10^-3

                                                                                                micro   (μ)                   10^-8

Mass                                       Mass                                       nano    (n)                    10^-9

            Ounce                                     Gram

            Pound

            Ton

            Others

Volume                                   Volume

            Teaspoon                                Liter

            Tablespoon

            Cup

            Pint

            Quart

            Fluid Ounces

            Peck

            Bushel

            Barrel

            Others

Conversion factors

12 inches = 1 foot                   1000 mm = 1 meter                2.54 centimeters  = 1 inch                             

3 feet = 1 yard                        100 cm = 1 meter                   0.91 meters = 1 yard

5280 feet = 1 mile                  10 d = 1 meter

1 quart = 2 pints                     1000 ml  = 1 liter                    1 quart = 0.946 liter

4 quarts  = 1 gallon                                                                1 gallon = 3.78 liters

1 pound = 16 ounces              1000 grams = 1 kilogram       1 pound = 454 grams

2000 pounds = 1 ton               1000 milligrams = 1 gram      2.2 pounds = 1 kilogram

Conversion of units using dimensional analysis.

Example:  Convert 2.2 yards into inches.

First, know the route you must take to make the conversion.

            a.  you know from the information given previously (or you could look it up) that:

                        12 inches = 1 foot  and that 3 feet = 1 yard.

            So start by setting up a conversion factor ratio:

Yards to feet and then feet to inches

            2.2 yd  x    _?__ft   x  __?_in =  

                                ?  yds          ?  ft

Now it remains to insert to numerical relations for each of the conversion factors

            2.2 yd    x    _3__ft   x  _12 in    =  70.4 in

                                   1  yd           1  ft

Practice Problems

1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8