Acute gastroenteritis is an illness characterized by diarrhea and is often preceded by, or associated with, vomiting, fever, and abdominal cramping.

The most common cause is a viral infection, although bacteria, bacterial toxin, parasites, and medications may be implicated.

The above symptoms are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. High fever, severe abdominal pain, prolonged vomiting, continuing, profuse and frequent diarrhea, and the passage of blood or mucous indicate the need for further evaluation.

The majority of cases are self-limited and resolve in 2 to 5 days. Most episodes respond if you give the bowel a rest. Taking only clear liquids to replace lost fluids is recommended initially. Antibiotics are prescribed only if a bacterial infection is thought to be present. Antidiarrheal and antiemetic medications are generally discouraged because they may prolong or complicate the illness.

1. In the first 12 hours, take clear liquids only. Begin with several sips or swallows at intervals of every 15 to 20 minutes; gradually increase frequency. Clear liquids include: carbonated drinks, water, tea, Jell-O, apple juice, popsicles and kool-aid.
2. When there has been no diarrhea for 8 to 12 hours, gradually add small portions of soup, (not creamed), dry toast, banana, plain yogurt, soda crackers, melba toast, cottage cheese, rice, Cream of Wheat, and boiled potatoes.
3. If the above foods are well tolerated for 24 hours, add easily digested foods like: boiled chicken, skim milk and lean beef. Gradually add more foods during the next 2 to 3 days, but do not rush back to a full regular diet.
4. Use medications only if prescribed by your provider.
5. Re-examination may be necessary if any of the following occur: recurrent and persistent vomiting or diarrhea or abdominal cramping, bloody stools, continued fever or extreme weakness.

updated July 2, 2003