Links for the Class: Sound, Physics, and Music

  1. Course Description: Musical sound for the music lover, the music student, the amateur, and the professional musician.  We illustrate some of the physical concepts that play a crucial part in the discussion of music.  We will use classroom demonstrations, online animations and the website: www.ualr.edu/dcwold/ for discussion.
  2. The concepts of Motion, Vibration, and Waves
    1. Describing motion
      1-D Kinematics: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/kinema/trip.html
      http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/1DKinTOC.html 
      1. Location: (Position by distance and displacement):
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L1c.html
      2. Speed and velocity: Describing Motion with Words:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L1d.html
        Animation: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/kinema/trip.html 
      3. Acceleration: Describing Motion with Words:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L1e.html
        Animation: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/kinema/acceln.html
    2. Understanding Motion: Force and Energy
      1. Force and Its Representation (The meaning of force):
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/U2L2a.html
      2. Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem (Internal versus external forces):
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/U5L2a.html
      3. Energy conversion (Analysis of situations in which mechanical energy is conserved):
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/U5L2bb.html
        Animation: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/pe.html
  3. Periodic Motion: Vibration and Oscillation
    1. Power point presentation in class: Simple Harmonic Motion
    2. Demonstration in class: Disc 1: Demo 6: Speed of Sound (4 min)
    3. Location-Time Table
    4. Period and Frequency
    5. Amplitude
    6. Plotting Oscillations
    7. Shapes of Oscillations
    8. "Adding" Oscillations
    9. Nothing Out of Something
    10. More About Adding Oscillations
    11. Representing Kinks
    12. Simple harmonic motion
      1. Frequency:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/shm2.html 
      2. Mass on spring resonance:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/shm2.html 
      3. Mass on spring motion sequence:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/shm2.html
      4. Energy in mass on spring:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/shm2.html
    13. Animations for acoustics education:
      http://www.acs.psu.edu/users/sparrow/movies/animations1.html
    14. The simple harmonic oscillator:
      http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/SHO/mass.html
    15. Oscillator applet (mass on a spring):
      http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/kap13/cd361a.htm
  4. Waves and Sound
    1. Power point presentation in class: Waves and Sound
    2. Demonstration in class: Disc 1: Demo 5: Bell in Vacuum (5 min)
    3. Traveling Waves
    4. Standing Waves
    5. Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
    6. Characterizing Waves: Frequency and Wavelength
    7. Relating Frequency and Wavelength by the Speed of Propagation
    8. Damped Waves
    9. Waves at a Boundary
    10. The Waves We Know
    11. Diffraction
    12. What Is a Wave?:
      http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves-intro/waves-intro.html
    13. Longitudinal and Transverse Wave Motion:
      http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html
    14. Reflection of Sound Waves:
      http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/reflect/reflect.html
    15. Refraction of Sound Waves:
      http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/refract/refract.html
    16. Radiation from a Baffled Piston (model for a loudspeaker):
       http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/BaffledPiston/BaffledPiston.html
  5. Standing Waves and the Overtone Series
    1. Power point presentation in class: Standing Waves, Resonance, and Other Applications
    2. Demonstration in class: Disc 1: Demo 12: Beats (5 min)
    3. Superposition of waves:
      http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/superposition/superposition.html
    4. Ripple tank (2-dimensional waves) applet:
      http://www.falstad.com/ripple/
    5. Two-dimensional waves applet:
      http://www.falstad.com/wave2d/
    6. Two-point source interference patterns:
      http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/ipd.html
    7. Harmonics
      1. First harmonic:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/harm1.html
      2. Second harmonic:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/harm2.html
      3. Third harmonic:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/harm3.html
      4. Fourth harmonic:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/harm4.html
      5. Fifth harmonic:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/harm5.html
    8. Standing Wave Formation:
      http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/swf.html
    9. Standing waves on a string
      1. Vibrating string:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/waves/string.html
      2. Wave velocity on a string:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/waves/string.html 
      3. Harmonics:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/waves/string.html
      4. Vibrating string frequencies:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/waves/string.html
  6. Propagation of Sound Waves
    1. Loudness
    2. Scaling
    3. Dependence of Sound Energy on Distance
    4. The Speed of Sound
    5. The Sonic Boom
    6. Speed of Sound in Different Media
    7. The Doppler Effect
    8. An Analogy
    9. Another Way to Understand the Doppler Effect
  7. Analysis and Synthesis of Complex Waves
    1. Power point presentation in class: Fourier Synthesis
    2. Fourier Series and Waves:
      http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/Fourier/Fourier.html
  8. The Human Ear and Voice
    1. Point power presentation in class: The Human Ear
    2. The Human Ear
      1. How the Ear Works
      2. Spatial Location of Sound
      3. Quantitative Measures of Loudness
      4. Beats
      5. Pitch Perception
      6. The Human Ear:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/U11L2d.html
      7. Sound Waves and the Eardrum:
        http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/edl.html
        Links to Cochlear Implants:
      8. Wiring for Sound:
        http://www.science.org.au/nova/029/029box01.htm
      9. Advanced Bionics Corporation:
         http://www.advancedbionics.com
      10. Med-El Corporation
        http://www.medel.com
      11. Cochlear Americas Corporation
        http://www.cochlearamericas.com
      12. My Perspective by Dr. William House
        http://www.allhear.com/monographs/m-95-htm.html#HJ33
      13. Cochlear Implants and Educational Audiology Association
        http://www.edaud.org/
      14. ASHA's Cochlear Implant Technology Report
        http://www.asha.org/NR/rdonlyres/215CC9B8-6831-494F-83ED-E02A6832A8A9/0/24402_1.pdf
    3. The Human Voice
      1. Modeling the Speech Signal:
        http://cnx.org/content/m0049/latest/
      2. Demonstration in class: Disc 2: Demo 27: Vocal Formants (6 min)
      3. Extracting Formants from Vowel Samples:
        http://cnx.org/content/m13216/latest/
      4. Voice Resonances
        1. Vocal tract resonance:
          http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/vocres.html
        2. Voice articulators:
          http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/vocres.html
        3. The voice mechanism:
          http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/vocres.html
      5. Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis:
        http://www.inhealth.com/featuredprdvppage1new.htm
  9. Electronic Music and Synthesizers
    1. Power point presentation in class: Electronic Music and Synthesizers
  10. Sound Recording and Reproduction
    1. Power point presentation in class: Sound Recording and Reproduction
    2. MP3 Compression (H4-68)
    3. Demonstration: Play MP3 Files (H4-68)
  11. Room and Auditorium Acoustics
    1. Power point presentation class: Room and Auditorium Acoustics
    2. Box modes applet:
      http://www.falstad.com/modebox/
    3. Acoustic interference applet:
      http://www.falstad.com/interference/
    4. Echo versus reverberation:
      http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/er.html
    5. Studio acoustics
      1. Recording studio acoustics:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/acoustic/studio.html
      2. Soundproofing:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/acoustic/studio.html
      3. The ear and soundproofing:
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/acoustic/studio.html
      4. Bass traps
        http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/acoustic/studio.html
  12. Musical Sound
    1. Super short scale
    2. Short time scale
    3. Medium time scale
    4. Long time scale
    5. Very long time scale
    6. The stereo effect
  13. Pitch and Musical Scales
    1. Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System: http://cnx.org/content/m10862/latest/
    2. Interval: http://cnx.org/content/m10867/latest/
    3. Tuning Systems: http://cnx.org/content/m11639/latest/
    4. The simple fractions requirement:
      http://cnx.org/content/m11808/latest/
    5. Building the scale:
      http://cnx.org/content/m11639/latest/
    6. The equal footing requirement:
    7. The compromise:
      http://cnx.org/content/m11809/latest/
    8. Summary
  14. Woodwind Instruments
  15. Brass Instruments
  16. String Instruments
  17. The Piano
  18. Percussion Instruments
  19. Demonstrations in Acoustics on DVD
    1. http://www.physics.umd.edu/lecdem/services/refs/dia.htm
  20. University of Maryland, Department of Physics, Lecture-Demonstration Home Page
    1. http://www.physics.umd.edu/lecdem/
  21. University of Maryland, Department of Physics, Physics of Music Home Page
    1. http://www.physics.umd.edu/lecdem/misc/phys102/index.htm
  22. University of Maryland, Department of Physics, Physics of Music Class Demonstrations
    1. http://www.physics.umd.edu/lecdem/services/demouse/phys102sugg.htm